The United States has asked the European Union’s General Court to let it intervene in support of X and Elon Musk as they seek to annul a €120 million Digital Services Act fine.
The Justice Department filed its application Thursday in two related cases, X Internet and X Holdings v. Commission and Musk v. Commission. The underlying European Commission decision, adopted in December 2025, found violations of the bloc’s online-platform rules and imposed the penalty jointly and severally.
Washington’s move turns a corporate appeal into a direct institutional argument about the reach of European technology regulation. The Justice Department contends that the Commission calculated liability in a way that improperly reached American companies outside the regulator’s jurisdiction. The Commission has maintained that the Digital Services Act applies without regard to nationality and protects Europe’s digital market and democratic standards.
Intervention would not make the United States a claimant seeking its own annulment. It would allow the government to support X’s legal arguments in proceedings that remain at an early stage. The General Court must first decide whether the application to intervene satisfies its procedural rules.
The Justice Department’s September 24 announcement identifies the cases as T-114/26 and T-121/26.
