Practice Notes

  Introduction: Civil Procedure Code (CPC) plays a vital role in the adjudication of civil disputes. The provisions in the CPC govern how civil cases are to be filed, conducted, and executed. This practice note is a comparative study of the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code in India (CPC) and International Civil Procedure laws. …

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Contents: Introduction Objectives of the Limitation Act Overview of Civil Procedure Code (CPC) The Interplay between the Limitation Act and the CPC 4.1. Bar on Suits 4.2. Computation of Period of Limitation 4.3. Exclusion of Time 4.4. Extension of Prescribed Period 4.5. Continuity of Suits 4.6. Application for Execution Comparative Analysis Conclusion Tables for Ready …

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Procedural fairness, commonly known as natural justice, is a fundamental aspect of the law that ensures fair and unbiased treatment in the execution of legal proceedings. Under the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), procedural fairness plays a vital role in ensuring that parties are treated impartially, and justice is served. This practice note aims to …

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Table of Contents Introduction Notice of Suit (Section 80) Institution of Suit (Section 79) Agents of the Government (Order XXVII) Government Pleaders (Order XXVII Rule 8) Pleadings (Order XXVII Rule 5 and 7) Security for Costs (Order XXVII Rule 2) Extension of Time (Order XXVII Rule 6) Execution of Decrees (Section 82 & 83) Appeals …

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Contents: Introduction to Special Case Proceedings Different Types of Special Case Proceedings Pleadings Issues Procedures Appeals Conclusion Annexure: Table of Special Case Proceedings 1. Introduction to Special Case Proceedings Special case proceedings refer to those court proceedings which differ from ordinary proceedings in the Civil Procedure Code (CPC) due to their unique characteristics. The CPC …

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Table of Contents Introduction Purpose and Importance Procedural Steps Examination-in-Chief Cross-Examination Re-Examination Recording of Statements Hostile Witnesses Affidavits in Lieu of Examination Expert Witnesses Conclusion 1. Introduction The preliminary examination of witnesses under the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) is a critical stage in a civil trial, which helps the court to ascertain the truth. …

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Table of Contents Introduction Legislative Framework 2.1 Overview of Order 38, Rule 5 of CPC 2.2 Objectives Prerequisites for Attachment Before Judgment 3.1 Prima Facie Case 3.2 Defendant’s Intent to Obstruct or Delay 3.3 Safeguarding the Interests of the Plaintiff Procedure for Attachment Before Judgment 4.1 Application for Attachment 4.2 Notice to Defendant 4.3 Security …

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Contents Introduction Text of Section 151 Objectives When Can Courts Exercise Inherent Powers? Limitations on the Use of Inherent Powers Comparative Analysis Application in Different Stages of Proceedings Conclusion Annexure: Examples and Case Studies 1. Introduction Section 151 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC) confers inherent powers on the civil courts to make …

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Table of Contents Introduction Objective of Pleadings Order 6 of CPC 3.1 Overview 3.2 Key Rules Order 6 Rule 17 of CPC 4.1 Text of the Rule 4.2 Scope 4.3 Conditions 4.4 Principles Governing Amendment Practical Considerations Judicial Trends and Interpretation 1. Introduction In civil litigation, pleadings are the backbone of the case. They define …

Amendment of Pleadings: An Insight into Order 6 Rule 17 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) Read More »

Table of Contents Introduction Text of Section 10 Key Terms and Definitions Objective of Section 10 Conditions for Applicability Court’s Discretion Distinction Between Section 10 and Other Relevant Sections Practical Implications Concluding Remarks 1. Introduction Section 10 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC) plays a vital role in avoiding the multiplicity of proceedings …

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